Jim Crow Nostalgia: Reconstructing Race in Bronzeville by Michelle R. Boyd.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008
[Eight locators were allowed before breaking out subheadings. Information that is usually italicized was to be underlined.]
Abbott, Robert, 14, 129
accommodationism
black elites and, 3, 40
blacks’ definition of, xiv–xv
of Booker T. Washington, 11
disinvestment and, 3, 32
machine politics and, 3, 37, 40
in the migration era, 8–9
segregation and, 23–24, 32
self-help strategies and, 36–38
activism, 28, 29–30, 45–46, 58–60, 93, 125, 162
affirmative action policies, 109, 133, 135, 136
Affirmative Information Policy, 51–52
affordable housing, xiv, 112, 120, 131–33, 139–40, 143, 156, 161–62
African-American elites. See black elites
African-American identity. See racial identity
African-American nation, xxi
African village, 114
Alisnky neighborhood organization, 46
Alpha Suffrage Club, 15
AME church bishop, 140
Anderson, Louis B., 22–23
Anthony, Steven, xi–xiii, xxiv, 71, 78, 80–81, 86–87, 140–41
appropriation of racial injury, 160
architects, 60–61, 63, 106, 124, 144
Armour, Philip, 7
Armstrong, Louis, 85
art projects, 88–90, 109, 152
Australian Ballot, 6
authenticity. See racial authenticity
B
Baker, David, 39
Barnett, Ida B. Wells, 15
Barnett, William, 167 (chap. 2)n3
Bee Building, 88
Bennet, Chandra, 60
Binga, Jesse, 14, 20, 76
Binga Bank Building, 86, 141
black activism. See activism
Black Belt, 11–38, 71
black business development/ownership
Blues Fest and, 94
Bronzeville redevelopment and, 99
client-patron politics and, 15
demolition and, 140
Depression and, 166n8
Early migration and, 16
gentrification and, 145–47
middle class and, 122
origins of, 12–18
Overton Building and, 141
pre-migration, 168 (chap.3)n1
racial advancement and, 16, 77, 146–47
reimagined, 76–77
vs. residential development, 126
Restoring Bronzeville and, 94
self-help ideology and, 20–21
tourism and, 62
upper-income class and, 147
See also black elites
black community organizations. See Bronzeville Coalition; community development organizations; Mid-South
black conservatives, 134–35
black containment. See racial containment
black cultural innovation, 78–79, 90
black diaspora, xxi
black electorate
as black elite focus, 7
black political diversity and, xvi
Bronzeville legacy and, 96
Daley administration challenged by, 44–46
Daley supported by, 41–43
machine politics, break from, 40–41, 44–46, 62
racial identity and, 133
strength of, 12–13, 15
See also black political machine; Democratic Party; Democratic Party machine; Republican Party; Republican Party machine
black elites
accommodationism and, 3, 40
activism and, 29
black electoral development and, 7
black interests subordinated by, 8, 132
civil rights movement and, xxiv–xxv
class-based leadership and, 40, 64
consensus issues and, 137–38
Democratic Party, marginalized in, 42
disinvestment and, 21
Early Migration and, 159
economic nationalism of, 27
employment roles of, xviii
gentrification and, 146
integration and, 7
Mid-South privileging, 156
minority status of, 2
new missions of, 11
older generations of, 13, 24
as political brokers, 161
political power reduced, 32
preferences considered as communal, xiv, xxx, 133, 137, 147, 156, 159, 163
racial advancement and, 21, 76–77, 156, 160
racial formation theory and, xxii
racial identity and, 132–33, 138
racial injury appropriated by, 160
racial solidarity and, 122
Republican Party and, 5–6
segregation and, 7, 11, 19–20, 22–24, 37
social status of, xxiv–xxv, xxx
white elites and, xvii, xxv, 3–8, 12, 18, 40–41, 77–78
white backlash and, xix
See also black business development/ownership; black political leaders; lower-income class; middle class; upper-income class
black entrepreneurship. See black business development/ownership; black elites
Black History Month, 138
black identity. See racial identity
black laws, 6–7
black market (unregulated commerce), 12
Black Metropolis (Drake and Clayton), xxv, 83–84, 91
Black Metropolis Convention and Tourism Council, 60–61, 64–65, 76, 79, 87, 139
Black Metropolis Historic District
building rehabilitation in, 52
businesses founded in, 76
demolition in, 129, 132, 138–39
designation of, 71
Karl and, 88
landmark status and, 61, 82
See also community redevelopment; Mid-South; Restoring Bronzeville; tourism
black migration. See Early Migration (1890-1915); Great Migration (1915-1930)
black nationalism, 48
Black Panther party, 44
black political independence, 78
black political leaders
vs. Bronzeville community leaders, 102
community organizations challenging, 62, 110
constraints on election of, xvii
Democratic Party support withdrawn from, 46
entrepreneurial character of, xvi
first elections of, 15–16
Great Migration and, xvi
vs. Mid-South, 113
racial authenticity and, 104
racial identity and, 132
renewed strength of, 31
revolt against, 45
See also black machine politics; Republican Party; Second Ward; Third Ward
black political machine, 15–16, 31–32, 37, 40–41, 45–46, 62
See also Democratic Party; Democratic Party machine; machine politics; Republican Party; Republican Party machine
black power movement, xviii, 48
Black Wall Street of America, 76
black wards, 41, 44–45
See also Fourth Ward; Second Ward; Third Ward
blight, 33–34, 55
block clubs, 113
Blue Ribbon Committee, 67–68, 82, 107–8
Blues Fest, 93–95, 168 (chap.3)n3
branding, 87–97
Bridgeport (Illinois), 55, 72–73
Bronzeville. See Black Metropolis Historic District; community redevelopment; Mid-South; Restoring Bronzeville; tourism
Bronzeville Coalition
Black Metropolis and, 83–84
Bronzeville Gateway and, 89–90, 109
Bronzeville identity and, 99–102, 147
class preferences of, 142
community heritage notions of, challenged, 130
demolition and, 139–44
gentrification and, 145–47
historical views, alternatives to, 95–97, 156
intraracial conflict and, 110–30, 148–49
landmark designation and, 129
lower-income class and, 120
Mid-South and, 113–14
place-marketing campaigns of, 70–85, 99–100
Preckwinkle and, 125
preferences considered as communal, 156, 159
public housing and, 141–43
racial advancement and, 95
racial authenticity and, 120
racial discrimination and, 95
racial identity and, 68–69
Second Ward and, 113–14
segregation and, 95
success of, debated, 67–70
Third Ward and, 113–14
tourism and, 61–62
Bronzeville Gateway, 89–90, 109
Bronzeville history reimagined. See “New South Side, The”; Anthony, Steven; Black Metropolis Convention and Tourism Council; Black Metropolis
Historic
District; Bronzeville Coalition; Bronzeville identity; community
folklore; Mid-South; place-marketing; racial golden age; tourism
Bronzeville identity, 71, 84, 99–102, 111, 121, 132–33, 147–48
Bronzeville Military Academy, 91
Bronzeville Organizer’s Alliance, 61, 92
Bronzeville Organizing Strategy Session, xxvii, 64–65
Bronzeville spirit, 92–93
Brooks, Gwendolyn
“A Street in Bronzeville”, 84
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 29, 96
See also Pullman Company
Brown, Wendy, 52–54, 64, 85, 108, 119, 121
Brown vs. Board of Education, 158
Burn Baby Burn (slogan/hot sauce), 159
business development/ownership. See black business development/ownership
Byrne, Jane, 48
C
Cabrini Green housing project, 54
Carey, Archibald J., Jr., 34–35
Centers for New Horizons, 61
Central Station, 53–55
Cermak, Anton, 26–27, 31–32
CHA. See Chicago Housing Authority
charettes, 59–60, 77, 93, 141
Chester, Delia, 51, 101–2, 129–30, 147, 167 (chap. 2)n3
Chicago Area Rehab Network, 48
Chicago Association of Neighborhood Development Organizations, 48
Chicago Bee (newspaper), 14, 59
Chicago Board of Education, 43
Chicago Defender (newspaper), xii, 14, 18, 22–23, 28, 141
Chicago Defender Building, 129, 141
Chicago Department of Planning, 59
Chicago Enterprise (newspaper), 14
Chicago Historical Society, 87
Chicago Housing Authority (CHA), 35, 43–44, 56, 139, 151, 169n5
Chicago Metropolitan Mutual Life Insurance, 77
Chicago Real Estate Board, 11
Chicago Riot Commission, 22
Chicago Urban League. See Urban League
Chicago Works program, 52
Christ Mediator Housing Group, 47
Civil Rights Act (1964), xvii, 49
civil rights movement
Black Belt activism and, 45–46
black elites and, xxiv–xxv
economic prosperity and, 167 (chap. 2)n4
intraracial conflict and, 149
Jim Crow nostalgia and, 158
limitations generated by, 158
political preferences after, 133
Pullman porters’ union anticipating, 28
racial group interests and, 135–36
racial solidarity and, 116
racism and, 158
revitalization of, 43
civil rights organizing, 41–46
Clark, Lenard, 72
Clark, Mark, 44
Clarke, Irving, 127–28
class identity. See
black elites; lower-income class; middle class; race/class interaction
theory; racial authenticity; racial identity; upper-income class
Clayton, Horace R.
Black Metropolis, xxv, 83–84, 91
client-patron politics
black business development and, 15
community decline and, 24–38
Democratic Party machine and, 3, 27, 42
machine politics and, 19, 26–27
in nineteenth-century black Chicago, 3–8
racial containment and, 18
relocation and, 16
Republican Party and, 15
in the Thompson administration, 166n5
Coalition to Protect Public Housing, 143
Cole, Nat King, 88
collectivism. See racial collectivism
Colored Women’s Conference of Chicago, 13
commercial center (proposed), 88
commodification of blackness, 159–60
Communist Party, 28–30
Community Development Block Grants, 52, 58
community development organizations. See Black Metropolis Convention and Tourism Council; Bronzeville Coalition; Mid-South
community folklore, 83–87
community redevelopment
aldermanic control of, 113–15, 125
conflicting goals within, xxxi, 1–2, 40, 47, 53–58, 62–63, 99–102
demolition and, 139
employment opportunities and, 106–9
historic development and, 39, 51–53, 60–62, 99–100
IIT and, 54–57
lower-income class and, xxvi, 112–13, 121
planning infrastructure lacking in, 57
reinvestment and, 34–35, 56
renewed focus on, 67
residents’ participation in, 58–60, 70–74, 99–102, 108–12
Richard J. Daley and, 107–8
white elites and, 107–8
See also Black Metropolis Historic District; Bronzeville history reimagined; Mid-South; Restoring Bronzeville; tourism
Community Workshop on Economic Development, 48–49
Congress of Racial Equality, 43
consensus issues, 137–51
constructionist theory, xxii–xxiii
containment. See racial containment
contractors, 124, 131–32
Coordinating Council of Community Organizations, 43, 46
Corneal A. Davis apartments, 51
Cottage Grove Avenue, 23, 68, 126
Council of Negro Organizations, 29
Crosstown Expressway, 48
cultural innovation. See black cultural innovation
D
Daley, Richard J.
black electoral support for, 41–43
black electorate, challenged by, 44–46
Bridgeport residence of, 72
Bronzeville development and, 67
community organizations controlled by, 46
community redevelopment, role in, 107–8
Democratic Party machine and, 41–42
development plans of, 53–54
New Downtown and, 53–54
racism in administration of, 42–45
riot orders issued by, 44
Wabash YMCA rehabilitation supported by, 138